1. French Intervention.

France and Britain had guaranteed Poland's independence. In case of a German invasion of Poland, the French would mobilize and launch an offensive against Germany's outnumbered troops on the western front. France, however, needed time to concentrate its forces before attacking Germany and would not risk attacking unless Poland continued to tie down German troops in the east. Thus, the likelihood of a French offensive depended upon how well Poland could resist the German invasion.

Starting on game turn 4, the Polish player consults the French Intervention Table at the start of his player turn to see if France launches an offensive against Germany. The Polish player rolls one die, modifies the roll as indicated on the table, and determines the result. Results are:

- No Offensive: France does not launch an offensive. Consult the table again in the next Polish player turn.
- Offensive: France launches an offensive.

On the turn France launches an offensive and on each game turn thereafter, French forces attack the Westwall, the fortifications that guard Germany's western borders. The Westwall starts with a strength of 270. This strength may be reduced as the French attack. The German player may increase the Westwall strength by transferring forces from the map to the west (see Rule 27A2).

Each turn, resolve this attack in the Polish initial phase. The Polish player rolls one die and modifies this roll by +1 for each game turn after the first turn of the French offensive. For example, if the French launch an offensive on turn 5, modify the roll by +1 on game turn 6 and by +4 on game turn 9.

To find the result of the attack, cross-index the modified die roll with the current Westwall strength on the French Offensive Table. If the result is a number, reduce the Westwall strength by that number. If the Westwall strength ever reaches 0 or less, the game immediately ends in a Polish decisive victory. If the result is a French defeat, the Germans repulsed the offensive. The French call off their offensive; do not use the French Offensive Table for the rest of the game.

Example: The French launch their offensive on game turn 5. That turn, the Westwall strength is 270 and the Polish player rolls a 5. (The roll is not modified, as it is the first turn of the offensive.) The result is 40, so the Westwall strength is reduced to 230.

2. French Assistance

On turn 3, the Polish player receives one French air unit (the Am.143M) as a reinforcement. This air unit must appear at an airbase on or west of the 37:2100 hex row. If there is no Polish-owned airbase in this area, the air unit does not appear in the game. Unless specified otherwise, the French air unit is treated for all game purposes as a Polish air unit.

Historical Background: The Nazi-Soviet Pact of August 1939 secretly divided eastern Europe into German and Soviet spheres of influence. Among its provisions, Lithuania and western Poland were allocated to the German sphere while central and eastern Poland, Latvia, Estonia, and Finland were assigned to the Soviet sphere.

Germany expected Lithuania to participate in the invasion of Poland. Both countries had been locked in a bitter dispute about the city of Wilno (as the Poles called it) or Vilnius (its Lithuanian name) and its surrounding region-an area with a mixed Lithuanian-Polish population. The Poles regarded Wilno as a historic Polish town, while the Lithuanians regarded Vilnius as the true capital of Lithuania The two countries clashed over Wilno in the aftermath of World War I, with the result that Poland occupied and annexed the region. Little wonder the Germans expected Lithuania to help carve up Poland.

Although the Lithuanian government wanted Vilnius, Lithuania had no good reason to ally with Germany in any way. First, in April 1939, Germany had forced Lithuania to return the Memel area to German control. Second, Lithuania rightly mistrusted Germany's ultimate intentions concerning ~' Lithuania. When the invasion of Poland began, Lithuania stayed neutral. This infuriated the German government, which subsequently renegotiated the spheres of influence with the Soviets, transferring Lithuania to the Soviet sphere in return for control of central Poland. (The Soviets later transferred the Vilna (its Russian name) and surrounding area from their share of Poland to Lithuania, but they also began the process that would forcibly incorporate Lithuania into the Soviet Union.)
First to Fight: Lithuania begins the game neutral. Lithuanian ground and air forces, however, are set up by the Polish player in accordance with the Lithuanian order of battle.

At the start of Game Turn 2, the German player rolls one die for Lithuania's reaction to the invasion of Poland. On a roll of:

1: Lithuania intervenes and invades Poland. The German player controls all Lithuanian forces and owns all hexes in Lithuania. These forces are treated the same as German forces, such as for rail movement, except that they may only enter hexes in the Lithuanian operations zone. This zone consists of all hexes in Lithuania and all hexes in Poland within 3 hexes of any hex in Lithuania.

2 through 4: Lithuania stays neutral; Germany does not invade. Lithuania is neutral for the entire game.

5 or 6: Lithuanian stays neutral; Germany invades. In a fit of anger over Lithuania's neutrality, Hitler orders the invasion and conquest of Lithuania. For the Polish player controls all Lithuanian forces and owns all hexes in Lithuania. These forces are treated the same as Polish forces, such as for rail movement, except: a) they may only enter hexes in Lithuania and Germany, b) they do not surrender due to evacuation or capture of the Polish government (Rule 27B1), and c) they may evacuate (using Rule 27B2) only if the Lithuanian (not Polish) government has been captured or evacuated.

If Lithuania invades Poland or is invaded by Germany, Lithuanian reinforcements appear as listed on the Lithuanian OB.
Kaunus is a full supply source (Rule 12C1) for Lithuanian units (only).

The Lithuanian government starts the game in Kaunas (37:3206). Use the Lithuanian capital marker to mark its location.
During any controlling player's initial phase, the player who controls Lithuania's forces may evacuate the government, sending it into exile. When evacuated, remove the government's capital marker from the map. Note: It does not cost the player any rail capacity to evacuate the government.

If the enemy player gains ownership of the hex containing the government, roll a die and consult the Success Table:

On any Success result, the government escapes capture, and the owning player must evacuate it in his next initial phase.
On any Failure result, the enemy player captures the government. Remove the capital marker. (The enemy player may gain a victory award for this event.)

If the government is captured, all Lithuanian units surrender in the next initial phase. If the government is evacuated, check for surrender in each initial phase. Any Lithuanian unit that is unsupplied immediately surrenders. All units that surrender are removed from play and are counted as eliminated.

If Lithuania invades Poland, the following victory point (VP) awards are used.

- The Polish player receives VPs for eliminated Lithuanian forces, the same as for German forces.
- The Polish player receives +10 VPs for capturing the Lithuanian government or +5 VPs if the Lithuanian government evacuates.
- The Polish player receives +3 VPs for every city in Lithuania that is Polish-owned at the end of the game.
- Note that the German player receives no VP awards per se due to Lithuania, but does gain the services of the Lithuanian forces in his invasion of Poland.

If Germany invades Lithuania, the following victory point (VP) awards are used:

- The German player gains +3 VPs if the Lithuanian air unit is eliminated.
- The German player gains +5 VPs if he owns all cities in Lithuania and the Lithuanian government is captured or evacuated.
- The Polish player treats Lithuanian forces the same as Polish forces when receiving VPs for evacuated forces and for having supplied REs on the map at the end of the game.
- The Polish player receives +10 VPs if the Lithuania government is neither captured nor evacuated at the end of the game.